History
Aylesbury is the County Town of Buckinghamshire and is an area of great antiquity. The name ‘Aylesbury’ is thought to be a derivative of ‘Aigle’s Burgh’, meaning hill town or fort and a number of pre-Roman settlements in the area are considered to date back to around 650 BC.
The town was given charter and borough status in 1554 by Mary Tudor as a token of her appreciation for its loyalty when Aylesbury declared her Queen of England against the competing claims of Lady Jane Grey.
The town went on to play a key part in the English Civil War. The Battle of Aylesbury (1642), led by John Hampden (cousin to Oliver Cromwell), was fought on nearby Holman’s Bridge, a version of which still stands today.
Aylesbury’s role as County Town (taken away from Buckingham) confirmed Aylesbury as the centre of government in the late 18th-century, thus starting a period of building numerous civic and residential buildings.
One of the most notable of these buildings was Prebendal House, its most famous resident being John Wilkes. A radical MP for Aylesbury, he spent time in the Tower of London in 1763 after he was accused of seditious libel after he published inflammatory pamphlets attacking King George III and prominent members of his administration. He was released after some 15,000 people marched the streets of London in the famous ‘Wilkes and Liberty’ marches. He is still remembered today as a defender of freedom of speech and personal liberty. Associated with Sir Francis Dashwood of West Wycombe and the infamous Hell Fire Club (of nearby West Wycombe Park and the Hell Fire Caves), Wilkes was also loved in the area for his charitable donations.
Adjoining Prebendal is the Parish Church of St Mary’s. There has been a church on the same site since the 12th century, with relics of the original structure still existing, including the font. Extended throughout the 14th and 15th centuries, the 15th-century perpendicular west window is still in-situ, depicting colourful characters and places from the Old Testament.
In the 19th century, the church was completely restored by Sir Gilbert Scott, who created the current rough-coursed construction.

